2. Annabel Dott, the first 37 years: from 1868 to 1906

Sarah Frances Annabel – who seems always to have been known as Annabel – grew up in Amhurst Road, Hackney.  In 1871 her parents had just moved to 13 Amhurst Road, but by the time of the 1881 census she and her mother are at Number 323, where they are to be found on census night together with a 45 year old general servant – Mrs Hall describing her source of income as "House Property."   I thought this must indicate a house move, but Lynne Dixon, another Annabel researcher who is based in London, tells me that she thinks it is the same house, which stood in an isolated terrace before the rest of Amherst Road was built.  I assume the street was then renumbered.  The Halls were absent for the 1891 census and only the cook and her nephew were in the house.  Annabel and her mother lived at Number 323 until towards the end of the century when they moved to Bournemouth.

The ancient village of Hackney had become urbanised after the first railway station opened in 1850, nearly 20 years before Annabel was born, and during her early years market gardens and orchards were giving way to shops and flats and terraces of houses, while industries and manufacturies were proliferating.  Hackney parish was well-known for its charitable institutions including, interestingly in light of Annabel's later career, such Model Dwellings Companies 

as the Metropolitan Association for Improving the Dwellings of the Industrious Classes and the London Labourers' Dwellings Co (these companies provided social housing with a return on the investors' capital), while housing in the parish was leased to the London Labourers' Association, a political society founded by an Owenite radical in 1837.

Amhurst Road had been not long built up when Mrs Hall and Annabel moved into Number 13/323.  These are terraces of tall houses, with three floors above the basement, and steep flights of a dozen steps up to the front doors.  The Halls' neighbours were upper clerks and respectable tradesmen; the Charles Booth poverty map classified the road in 1889 as "Middle class.  Well to do".  Unlike her sister Margaret, who was left a widow with eight children aged between 3 and 23, Mrs Hall had only herself and her daughter to keep and so she could live a good deal more comfortably.

By 1901 Annabel and her mother had moved to Bournemouth.  The census that year finds them, with a 28 year old general servant, living at Hylton House on Surrey Road, a road of comfortable villas and large private hotels and guest houses.  (Photographs of these can be seen on Alwyn Ladell's flickr set; I think Hylton House has been replaced by flats.)  It was there that her mother died on 20 October 1903 having had a stroke.

I have been able to find no information about Annabel's childhood.  I think it is possible that she attended Lady Holles's Middle Class School, in Mare Street, Hackney, a mile and a half from her home, because, judging from its advertisement, the school must have looked very attractive to parents such as Mrs Hall.  Opened in September 1878, it was designed to take 250 girls and had 

a spacious assembly-room, eight class-rooms, three music-rooms, with all other conveniences and requisites ... The instruction afforded by the school will be of a sound, practical character, while the higher branches of education and suitable accomplishments will be efficiently taught.  

Entry was after a "preliminary examination of candidates" and the fees were between £1 6s 8d and £2 per term.  This included instruction in Latin, French, Drawing, and Vocal Music.  The head mistress was assisted "by a very efficient staff of 20 Assistant Mistresses", according to an advertisement in August 1879, which announced that there were only 50 vacancies.  This was the school attended by the younger sisters of Annabel's future husband Patrick Dott.  These girls were a few years younger than Annabel; I have found their names in a newspaper report of prize giving day at the school.

I can find no information about Annabel's life after school and before her marriage at the age of 37, but we can see from her life after marriage that she was resourceful, adaptable and forthright and had no problem in exercising authority, organising a work force or assimilating new information.  She was evidently well educated and in one interview is quoted as saying that she would have liked to have become an architect "if difficulties had not barred the way" [The Vote, 22 April 1922].  She does not say whether the difficulties were financial or came from her mother's expectations or needs.  

So what did she do in those first 37 years?  What were her expectations?  We don't know how much income her mother had, or how much of it she expected to be able to pass on to Annabel.  Annabel would be on her own after her mother's death, with no brother to help her out financially and quite probably no close family to assist her.  Given her talents and her character, I think this makes it more than likely that she followed a course of study after leaving school – one of her future sisters-in-law studied art and another studied music – and quite possibly earned a living, perhaps as a teacher, before her marriage.  The only census in which she appears as an adult is that of 1901 (I can't find her in the 1891 census) in which no occupation is mentioned – but women's occupations are notoriously under-represented in censuses, and so this is not conclusive.

However, everything was about to change for Annabel, and in the remaining 31 years of her life she would encounter opportunities and challenges that she can never have imagined.

On 30 December 1905, a little more than two years after Mrs Hall's death, a notice appeared in the Hampshire Chronicle:

A marriage has been arranged, and will take place at the Cape in January between the Rev W P Dott, rector of Woodstock, Cape Town, and Annabel, only daughter of the late Robert Hall and Mrs Hall, of Hylton-house, Bournemouth

Very many thanks to Lynne Dixon for the information on Amhurst Road

Next: 3. Patrick Dott (1867-1938): his family

1. Mrs Annabel Dott (1868-1937): her family

I must start by saying that while Annabel's name appears as Annabelle in the baptismal register she is Annabel more or less everywhere else, including in her Will.  

Annabel was born on 3 September 1868 at 56 Beaumont Square, Stepney and was baptised Sarah Frances Annabelle at St Peter's in Cephas Street, about ten minutes' walk away from her home.  She was her parents' only – or only surviving – child.  

Her parents Robert Hall and Annabella Copland were both from the North East.  Robert was born c1827 in North Shields and was an Examining Officer of HM Customs – which is why they lived in the East End of London, usefully near to the docks.  Robert and Annabella were a respectable couple in their early thirties living in a middle-class area – Beaumont Square was a garden square with a private communal garden in the centre – but they were perhaps not particularly well-to-do.  The 1861 census shows that they shared No 56 with another couple and didn't employ a servant.

By the time of the census taken on 2 April 1871, their circumstances had changed and they were living at 13 Gloucester Terrace, Hackney in a neighbourhood of commercial clerks and ship brokers.  Their little daughter was two years old, and living with them was a 19 year old general servant, a girl from Poplar.  Perhaps Annabella needed the extra help because Robert was so very ill.  Within three weeks the little family had moved to 13 Amhurst Road, West Hackney and it was there, on 23 April, that Robert Hall died aged 44 of oesophageal cancer.  Annabella was left a widow at the age of 41, only months after the death of her mother in Newcastle.  I think she must have received a widow's pension and that this was supplemented by an inheritance from her parents. 

Annabel Dott's maternal grandparents

Annabella Hall's father was William Copland, born c1796 in Callaly near Alnwick, Northumberland.  Evidently an enterprising man, he was a grocer & general provision dealer in the rapidly expanding industrial area of Ouseburn in Newcastle and had premises on the corner of Buxton Street and Melbourne Street.  This was described in an advertisement of 1849, when it was to let, as a

Spacious and Commanding Shop, [to let] either with or without the Dwelling house above, containing Nine Rooms. 

The entry in the National Probate Calendar describes him as a Shipowner (from which I deduce that at the time of making his Will he owned, or part owned, a vessel) and a Yeoman.  Perhaps he may also have been the William Copland who, in the 1840s, had a business as a Wholesale chemist, druggist & drysalter (a dealer in salts, chemicals and dyes) at No. 20 Side, the mediaeval street that runs steeply down to Sandhill on the Newcastle Quayside.  This man escaped with his life from a terrible fire in his premises in 1847 from which two of his men died of their injuries.  I wonder if this was Annabella's father, looking to expand into another line of business – and, if so, I wonder if the fire had any part in the fact that when he witnessed his daughter's marriage in January 1856 he could only make his mark, instead of signing his name.  He is described on the marriage certificate as a gentleman and had evidently retired from trade.  

In his later years William Copland engaged in speculative housebuilding in the Ouseburn area.  Copland Terrace was clearly built by him and he died there in 1859 in his house at 2 Copland Terrace, Shieldfield not far from where his grocery shop had been and not far from the Ouseburn Viaduct and the mills and factories that employed so many in the neighbourhood.  Cotes Street, named after his sister-in-law's family, was evidently another of his ventures; a licensing application in the Newcastle Courant in 1866 shows that his widow Sarah was the owner of the Britannia Inn at 1 Cotes Street.  I think these ventures must have been profitable because later censuses show that his widow and adult children were living on income from property.

[This 1888-1913 O.S. map showing Copland Terrace is reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland from their invaluable Map Images Website]

William's wife Sarah Brewis was born in Morpeth, Northumberland in about 1803, the daughter of Thomas Brewis.  Her sister Margaret was married to John Cotes Esq (almost certainly a lawyer), son of the Rev Henry Cotes, vicar of Bedlington.  William and Sarah must have been proud of this connection – and keen to maintain it, as they gave the middle name Cotes to two of their children.  They spent time in Bedlington and can be found there in the 1841 census.  In 1838 their six year old daughter Sarah died at The Retreat, Bedlington, the house of her aunt and uncle Cotes.  I think this was probably the house that John Cotes' father had built, which was advertised for sale in 1838 as

A neat Freehold Residence, with coach-house, stable, and gardens, built by the late Rev Henry Cotes, of Bedlington, beautifully situated on the Banks of the River Blyth. 

In 1844, a year after John Cotes' untimely death in 1843, William Copland was assisting his sister-in-law in managing her affairs – a notice in the Newcastle Journal required anyone interested in renting The Retreat to contact him.

Sarah Brewis remarried nine years after William Copland's death but she herself died two years later, in November 1870.  Her gross personal estate (that is, not including land) is recorded in the National Probate Calendar index as falling into the tax band "under £3,000". 

Sarah and William had seven children, two of whom died in infancy.  Annabella was their second child – their eldest was Margaret, who married a builder called Thomas Russell Creigh, had a large family, and died in Hampstead in 1899.  Annabella's brothers remained in Newcastle.  William was initially a pawnbroker but after his parents' death described himself in the censuses as an "Owner of House Property"; he died at 48.  The younger sons John Cotes and Henry were in business together as wholesale grocers; John Cotes died aged 37 and Henry aged 27.  Mrs Annabella Hall and Mrs Margaret Creigh outlived their brothers by a good many years.

Next: 2. Annabel Dott, the first 37 years: from 1868 to 1906

Mrs Annabel Dott & the Goathland Homes for Officers

I came across the story of Mrs Annabel Dott and the Goathland Homes for Officers quite by accident.

I was flicking through a volume of the old Harmsworth Encyclopaedia, published in the early 1920s, and I found to my surprise that there was an entry for the village of Goathland:

Goathland.  Parish and village of N.R. Yorkshire, England.  It is 8m S.W. of Whitby, on the N.E. Rly.  Here is a cottage colony for disabled officers.  Goathland Moor lies 2m S. of the village, and is noted for its cataracts.  Pop 519

I was intrigued – I had no idea there had been a "cottage colony for disabled officers" at Goathland.  I soon found that the houses were the work of a remarkable woman, Mrs Annabel Dott.

Annabel Dott is best described as a woman builder who, self-taught, designed (with a little help) and built the Goathland cottages herself.  It was her first major design & build project; others followed.  In 1917 she and her husband generously offered to give the Goathland cottages to the county to be homes for disabled officers returning from the First World War.  Their donation was gratefully accepted and the scheme ran from 1919 to 1931.

Born in 1868, she was a woman unafraid to operate in a man's world.  She was part of the campaign for women's suffrage and equal rights and a founder member of Women's Pioneer Housing Ltd, a London housing association formed to fill the urgent need for homes for the women who remained in the workforce after the end of the First World War, or who, in increasing numbers, entered the world of paid work after 1918. 

I also found that I was joining a band of Annabel researchers and admirers.  This is my contribution to the field of study.

I feel obliged to add here that readers from outside the county will probably know Goathland best as Heartbeat territory from the much-loved TV series, in which it appeared as Aidensfield.  (I see that Heartbeat location tours are offered these days.)  And of course Goathland station on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway featured in the first Harry Potter film too.

I will post this research in separate chapters, which I think will make it easier to follow, but I will place acknowledgements at the foot of each chapter, with my thanks to everyone concerned.

I have removed the photograph that previously illustrated this blogpost, as I am assured by a member of the family that it showed a Mrs Crebin, not Annabel Dott

The story of Annabel Dott begins with 1. Mrs Annabel Dott (1868-1937): her family

Otters on the frozen River Leven, February 1848

Reported in the Yorkshire Gazette 171 years ago today:-

This little piece of news was under the column heading SPORTING – I think we would today entitle it SPORTING?

Yorkshire Gazette, Saturday 5 February 1848

As a man of the name of Passman was last week proceeding to his work he had to pass a wood, near the river Leven, in the neighbourhood of Hutton Rudby, and to his astonishment observed five otters, in search of food, the river being frozen.  With the aid of a stick Passman captured two of the youngest.  The snow being on the ground enabled him to effect this, but the older animals escaped.  There are some otter hounds in Stockton, and the admirers of this old fashioned and manly sport did not thank this man for his pains, as they might hereafter have afforded gratification to the keen sportsman in pursuing them in their favourite element – water.

Hutton Rudby celebrates Queen Victoria's Jubilees, 1887 & 1897

In 1863, Hutton Rudby had celebrated the marriage of the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII) in great style with flags, the brass band, tea and plum cake for 500 or 600 people, an immense bonfire and a firework display.  In 1887, the villagers prepared for another day of festival when Queen Victoria celebrated her Golden Jubilee.

Jubilee 1887 celebrations on Hutton Rudby Green

This remarkable photograph shows the crowds gathering around the maypole, newly erected for the purpose, on 21 June 1887.  The only account of the festivities that I can find in the newspapers is a few lines about the village's plans.  This appeared in the Whitby Gazette:-

Whitby Gazette, 21 May 1887

HUTTON RUDBY

QUEEN'S JUBILEE

The inhabitants of this village have decided to celebrate the approaching Jubilee by a dinner for the aged poor, tea and medals for the children, old English sports, including a dance round a May pole, and a display of fireworks.

However, a memento of the Jubilee does exist, which conveys the ambitious scale of the event, and was kindly lent by Bob Hutchinson to Malcolm McPhie for scanning.  You can see this booklet in full on the Hutton Rudby History Society facebook page.  Here is its attractive front cover:-

I have transcribed the booklet, and will set it out here, broken up into paragraphs for easier reading.  I've left the punctuation as it was, but have corrected the spelling of Dr Snowdon and of Osmotherley, so that they may be found in an onlline search.  

You may notice that the date of the celebration was 21 June 1887, but the date is frequently given elsewhere as 20 June.  The Royal Family's website explains that the Jubilee was celebrated on both 20 and 21 June.

As to whether it was genuinely a letter found in Doctors Lane, I leave it to the reader to judge.  It begins with a foreword by Allan Bowes Wilson and Alfred Wilkinson Kindler:-

A Memento of the Celebration of Queen Victoria's Jubilee Year

Hutton Rudby, June 21st 1887

The following letter was found a few weeks ago in the Doctors lane and though evidently not intended for publication it gives so good a description of our rejoicings on the jubilee day that a copy will it is thought form a very agreeable memento of the day

We apologize to the writer and the person written to for the advantage taken of the discovery

Wishing you a very happy new year
We are
Yours faithfully
[signed]Allan Bowes Wilson
              A W Kindler

Hutton Rudby
Decr. 1887 

Hutton Rudby

June 23rd 1887

Dear Kitty

You remember what a jolly time we had when we were staying here with Auntie 3 years ago how we enjoyed ourselves and how we both joined in saying we never had so festive a time and never met a jollier lot of people than we met at Hutton then  Well you know I was delighted when I was invited to spend the jubilee week by Auntie though I was sorry that you could not come too as dear Harry was coming over to stay with you but I dare say you enjoyed yourself and you and Harry managed to get lost or lose yourselves 

The chairman of the committee who had charge of the arrangements was Mr A B Wilson you know what a good sort he is and the programme for the day of which I have got a copy for you was printed in Old English on rough paper and a time was arranged for everything and it was signed by a formidable list of secretaries some of whom you will remember. Here they are the schoolmaster Mr S Eyre, Mr T B Wilson, Mr Wm Chapman and Mr A W Kindler 

The morning was a lovely one and when we turned out on the green it was as pretty a sight as ever I saw  There was a triumphal arch at the brow of the hill and flags on each side of the road down to the wynd  The boys were already playing a cricket match and when the bandsmen with the children had assembled at the bottom of the village to receive the pretty gold stars the gift of the chairman which were hung round the girls necks with ribbons and pinned to the breast of the boys by an ornamental pin everyone had turned out.  Visitors came in from all round the district even from Stockton and Middlesbrough  

Then there was a service at the church which is a fine dear old building standing as it does in the Leven valley close by the river and surrounded by woods on the north and east  

Afterwards more medals were given to the children and everybody joined in a procession which reached from the school half way up the Doctors lane and marched round the village singing  

Then all the people formed a large ring round the maypole which had been given by Mr Pyman of Linden Grove  The maypole dance which I had never seen before is so pretty  The boys and girls about 20 of them who had been trained by the schoolmaster each held a colored ribbon which was fastened to the pole about half way up and then when the band played they moved round in and out singing as they went until the ribbons were plaited round the pole  

After this we had a presentation to that merry old gentleman Mr Mease who teased you so much when you were here of a timepiece and supports  During this time photographs had been taken by McLeish of Darlington of the scene  

Until tea time we had all sorts of sports skipping and racing  At tea time there was such a crowd everybody who came had a free tea and all of us had to work hard  At the school we had about 6 sittings down and Kitty Garbutt who had charge of the children at the Wesleyan School had as many

After tea and until dark we had more sports about half of which I can't tell you  There was the old game of Clout the bellman a lot of blindfolded men blindfolded with ugly masks carrying bag of flour running after a man who was not blinded who carried a bell  They kept hitting each other until they were all over flour  There was sack racing and old men racing racing over obstacles through barrels and all sorts of funny things I forgot to tell you about the donkey racing which was very amusing especially with the committee and later in the evening by others of which I will tell you some other time 

After the sports were over there was dancing on the green and an immense bonfire  Some were playing Kiss in the ring and other games and some were dipping for coins in an electric bath provided by Dr Snowdon  After the fireworks everybody went up to the bonfire and there was a lot of speechmaking and cheering  Mr Wilson Mr Pyman Mr Jas Kindler Dr Snowdon and Mr Thompson from Osmotherley all made speeches  After that we went in but the men kept it up until about 2 o'clock in the morning I heard cousin Bob say he had an awful spree  I do wish you could have been here it was one of the best days I ever had 

Of course [blank] was with me the whole day and took care of me  If all Jubilees were kept as they keep them in Hutton I wish they would happen every month

With love to all
I am
Yours affectionately

An appendix is added, listing the prize winners at the sports

So we can see from the Memento that the photograph at the top of this post was taken by Mr McLeish of Darlington, and the maypole was provided by Mr Pyman of Linden Grove.

Notes on people mentioned

Allan Bowes Wilson (c1839-1932) and his brother Thomas Bowes Wilson (1845-1929) ran the Sailcloth Mill and were considerable figures in the village

Samuel Eyre was the village schoolmaster.  He died aged 60 on 18 November 1914.

William Chapman farmed at Old Hall, Sexhow.  He was for many years a churchwarden and Superintendent of the Sunday School.  He was in his sixties when he died in 1916.  The font cover was donated to All Saints' church by his siblings in his memory.

Alfred  Wilkinson Kindler was a Stockton solicitor.  The family lived for a time at Eden Cottage on Belbrough Lane.

Mr Thomas English Pyman of Linden Grove (and for more on the house, see here) was a member of the Cleveland shipowning family.  After living in Hutton Rudby for many years, he and his family moved on to West Hartlepool.  Sadly he died there at the age of 49 – his death is noted with much regret in the Parish Magazine in 1892.

Mr Mease.  This must be Joseph Mellanby Mease (1827-1928). 

[29 February 2020: For more on the Mease family, see the articles that begin here]

Percy A F Blair.  Percy Alexander Field Sadler (1866-1906) took his wife's surname Blair after the death of her brother.  For the Blairs of Drumrauch Hall see here

Alexander Park was a gentleman farmer who retired to live at Leven House (across the river from the church) with his elderly spinster sisters in the late 19th century.  Mr Park was for years the honorary secretary of the Hurworth Hunt, and was said not to have made a single enemy during all his time in office.  On his last day out with the hounds he and his old black horse had a combined age of ninety-nine.  He and his sisters were very generous and active in village and church life: the choir stalls and altar rails were given to the church by the family.  He died on 8 May 1914.

Henry Chapman (born 1859) the son of Henry Chapman (1800-78), farmers of Enterpen.  Henry built Highfield on Enterpen when he retired from farming.

Bartholomew Goldsbrough, butcher.  For more on Bartholomew Goldsborough (both spellings seem to occur) see The planting of the trees on Hutton Rudby green

George Smith.  George Henry Smith farmed at White House [Bulmer's Directory 1890]

John Goldsbrough.  Mr John Goldsborough is listed in Bulmer's Directory 1890 at the Gospel Temperance Hall.

Dr Anthony Snowdon lived at Ravensthorpe on Doctors Lane.  For more on Dr Snowdon, his car and the story of the pet raven, see A History Walk round Hutton Rudby.  He died aged 66 in 1920

Hutton Rudby Invitation Ball 1887

This programme for an Invitation Ball to be held that same year also survives, and Malcolm McPhie suggests that it probably relates to the Jubilee as well, but was evidently not held on the same day.  Thirty-six dances, in two parts, with supper in the middle at midnight, and festivities to end a 6 o'clock in the morning!

We don't know where this Ball was held, but I think it was probably in the Schoolroom.

Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, 1897

The success of the celebrations of 1863 and 1887 set a pattern for the future, and when the old Queen's Diamond Jubilee came around, there were grand plans made.  Luckily a programme survives in Miss Winifred Blair's scrapbook.  I made notes from it in the days before scanning documents and photographs was easily done - I do hope Malcolm is able to go through the Blair albums!

As in 1887, the 1897 programme was written in Olde Englishe:-

Ye Ceremonyes and Games at ye Rejoycyngs on Ye Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria, at ye town of Hutton Rudby, June 22nd , 1897…Chairman:  Myster Allan Bowes Wilson … Commyttee:  Mysters P A F Blair, William Chapman, Alexander Park, Henry Chapman, Barthw. Goldsbrough, George Smith, John Goldsbrough and Dr Snowdon

The day started at 8:30 am with boys and girls at school being given 1/- (one shilling) each by Allan Bowes Wilson – then there was cricket – thanksgiving service – parade – Maypole – children’s tea – aged people given half-crowns – games and sports – great "fyre" at 10 o’clock

Again in 1911 and in 1937, the village celebrated with fervour.  The 1977 Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was celebrated in style, and can be glimpsed on this video, while these videos on youtube show the Village Event in the 1990s.

Photographs courtesy of the Hutton Rudby & District Local History Society.  

Visit their Facebook page for many more!

The Hutton Rudby Sawmill, the Richardson family and Seaham Villas

Darlington & Stockton Times, Ripon & Richmond Chronicle, 9 October 1880

SEAHAM VILLAS, HUTTON RUDBY

TO BE LET, to enter immediately.  TWO good FAMILY RESIDENCES, each containing Six Rooms, with Kitchen and Outoffice; large Garden. For particulars apply to JAS. RICHARDSON, Hutton Rudby, Yarm.

I thought originally that this little item from the local paper in 1880 might be of use to those trying to disentangle the Richardsons of Hutton Rudby, but on looking into it further, I found that it opened up various lines of interest:  the Richardsons, the Sawmill and Seaham Villas themselves.

The Richardson family

This coincidence of names – Seaham (of Seaham Villas) and the surname Richardson – suggests to me a link between James Richardson of Hutton Rudby and John Richardson of Hutton Rudby (1821-92), proprietor of the Seaham Weekly News

In that earlier post on John Richardson, I suggested that John was probably the son of John Richardson & Elizabeth Richardson.  In the 1841 Census, John (a "general mechanic") and Elizabeth were living in Enterpen, Hutton Rudby, with their children John, Jane, James and Robert.

(This is the O.S. map 1888-1913, reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland from their magnificent Map Images Website,  Do visit the georeferenced maps on the website to use the slider which will enable you to superimpose the old map onto the map of today.)

I think it very likely that James Richardson was the younger brother of John Richardson, the proprietor of the Seaham Weekly News.  Corroboration of this idea can be found in the 1891 Census, in which a Matilda Richardson, who was the same age as James's daughter Matilda, was working as housekeeper to John Richardson's family in Seaham Harbour.  This Matilda is described as John's niece and was born in Hutton Rudby.  In addition, James had daughters called Hannah and Emma, and when John's widow died in 1905 she left £50 apiece to her nieces Hannah and Emma.  I wonder if John had invested in property to let in the village and that it was being managed for him by James ... 

John Richardson married Eleanor Wight on 20 June 1848 in the church of Dalton-le-Dale.  They settled in Seaham Harbour, where they ran a shop and started the Seaham Weekly News.

In July 1849 John's mother Elizabeth died.  The 1851 Census shows that her widower John was still living in Enterpen.  He was 56 years old and his occupation is given as Cabinet Maker.  With him were his apprentice Simeon Burdon, 18, and his nephew Stephen Richardson, 13, also described as Cabinet Maker.  I can't identify James Richardson in the 1851 Census.

However, by 1855, James Richardson was definitely in the village and was working as a joiner:-

York Herald, 13 October 1855

TO WHEELWRIGHTS

WANTED Immediately, a good WHEELWRIGHT and JOINER.  Constant Employment and good Wages offered.  Apply to Mr JAMES RICHARDSON, Joiner, Hutton Rudby, near Yarm

He was by then married to Hannah, whose surname I think was Charlton (a search on freebmd shows that only one James Richardson married a Hannah in the Stokesley registration district, and her surname was Charlton) and they had started a family.

By the time of the 1861 Census, James looks to be well established and with a growing family.  He had two joiners living in the household and the children (Sarah, Matilda, Lewis, Jane and Ellen) were aged between 1 month and 9 years.  His father John continued to live on Enterpen, on the same side as the National School; James & Hannah lived on the opposite side.  Both James and John are described as Joiner & Cabinet Maker, and John has married for a second time.  His second wife, like James's first wife, was called Hannah.

By 1869, James had branched out and gone into business as a Timber Merchant, as we can see from this advertisement, which indicates he has either set up a secondary business of corn-milling or is perhaps acting as an agent for the owners of the Hutton corn-mill (the mill in which Joseph Mellanby Mease had lost an arm in 1860) or the Rudby mill:-

York Herald, 18 December 1869

HUTTON RUDBY

TO BE LET, a STEAM FLOUR MILL, power found, containing Three pairs of Stones, two French and one Grey, with Flour Dresser and Screen, all complete, together with Dwelling-house and Stable, &c.

For particulars apply to JAMES RICHARDSON, Timber Merchant, Hutton Rudby, near Yarm

In the 1871 Census he describes himself as a Timber Merchant employing 6 men & 1 boy.  He & Hannah had three more children: Hannah, John James and Emma.  James's father John, now 76, still described himself as a Joiner.  

And by this time, James & Hannah had moved across to the other side of Enterpen.  According to the house order listed by the enumerator, they lived in the next house after Joseph Hunt the blacksmith.  (We know that the smithy stood beside the National School, on the site of the house called Pyah.)

Smithy on the Wynd, Hutton Rudby
(the School can be seen to the right)

Next door to James was John and his second wife, and listed after John came the occupants of the Brick Garth (Poplar Avenue).  This suggests that the Richardsons were living at the top of Sexhow Lane, close to the site of the Sawmill itself – but not in the house now called Sawmill House, as I will explain later.

In 1872 he had a slight brush with the magistrates:-

York Herald, 6 January 1872

STOKESLEY

PETTY SESSIONS

Before I. Wilson and J. Emerson, Esqs., James Richardson, Hutton Rudby, timber merchant, was charged by Robert Scrafton, excise officer, with having used a dog cart at Hutton Rudby on the 29th November last, and not having paid duty for the same.  The case, however, was dismissed.

And then in 1873, his business crashed:

Edinburgh Gazette. 8 April 1873

Bankruptcies Awarded
James Richardson, of Hutton Rudby, York, timber merchant

However, all was not lost, and he was soon back at work in the timber trade.  Within a matter of months James was the manager of the Sawmill in Hutton Rudby.  

In the 1881 Census, he was aged 52 and he and Hannah had with them their younger children, Ellen, Hannah, John and Emma.  Their eldest son, Lewis, is described as a visitor; he was a 25 year old timber merchant.  By then, James's father John had died.

In 1885, James was still a Timber Merchant in the village as we can see from this advertisement:-

Daily Gazette for Middlesbrough, 8 April 1885

TO LET, a pleasantly situated HOUSE at Hutton Rudby; seven Rooms; large Garden.  Apply James Richardson, Timber Merchant.  Hutton Rudby, Yarm

I think this is quite possibly one of the Seaham Villas again.  In 1880 they were advertised as "containing Six Rooms, with Kitchen and Outoffice" but I wonder if now James is counting the kitchen as one of the rooms; reducing the number of words in the advertisement would probably save expense.

Then the following year an identical house is advertised by James's son Lewis – and he gave his address as Sawmill, Hutton Rudby:-

Daily Gazette for Middlesbrough, 21 October 1886 

HUTTON Rudby. - To Let, good House (semi-detached); 7 rooms; large garden.  Apply Lewis Richardson, Sawmill, Hutton Rudby, Yarm 

Clearly, Lewis was now in the timber trade in the village, perhaps having taken over from his father.  A notice in the York Herald reported that on 30 June 1887 Lewis married Miss Florrie Poole of Clifton, Bristol.  In 1888 their son James Arthur Poole Richardson was born in Hutton Rudby.  Soon afterwards, Lewis cleared his stock:

York Herald, 27 October 1888

SPECIFIC ARTICLES FOR SALE

TO Wheelwrights. - A quantity of best class and specially selected FELLOES, all sizes, for Carts and Rollies.  Also BEDS, SOLES, and sundry Scantlings of first quality.  Will be sold cheap to clear - Apply to LEWIS RICHARDSON, Sawmills, Hutton Rudby, via Yarm

He and Florrie moved the family to Ripon, where their daughter Elsie was born in 1890.  In the 1901 census they can be found living in Stretford, Lancashire, where Lewis was working as a "Foreign Timber Agent".

In the meantime – and perhaps while Lewis was running the Sawmill – his father James had become a farmer.  The 1891 Census finds him and Hannah and their unmarried children Eleanor (Ellen), Hannah, John James and Emma at Potto Carr farm.  It lies off Parson's Back Lane, a little way outside Hutton Rudby.

The 1901 Census shows John James and his sisters Hannah and Emma running the farm together as partners.

The Sawmill in Hutton Rudby

Hutton Rudby Sawmill

We see here the Sawmill in full operation in this photograph, together with 6 men, 3 children and a dog on top of the log pile.  

The first mention that I can find of the Sawmill is in the 1861 Census, when it is recorded by the enumerator, not as an occupied building but in the same way that he recorded the National School and the chapels.  However, while in the 1871 census I can find several men who are clearly employed in the sawmill, in the 1861 census I can find no one.  Either the Sawmill was not in operation, or somebody ran it as part of their main business and employed general labourers to operate it.

By the time of the 1871 Census it is clear that the sawmill is in full operation and staffed by workmen from outside the village.  Apart from James Richardson, described as a timber merchant, there were 3 bobbin makers (two of them born in Middlesbrough, the other in Morley), a bobbin turner (born in Pudsey), a wood turner and a Newcastle-born sawyer.  

But James went bankrupt in April 1873 and it was clearly not a good time for timber merchants in Hutton Rudby, as another notice shows that Aaron Carter of Hutton Rudby, Timber Merchant, went into a composition with his creditors under the Bankruptcy Act of 1869 in February 1874.  Perhaps Aaron Carter had taken over James Richardson's business?  It seems very likely.

And perhaps it was at this point that the Wilson brothers became actively involved.

Allan Bowes Wilson (of Hutton House) and his brother Thomas (of Enterpen Hall) were linen manufacturers and owned the Sailcloth Mill beside the River Leven.  Their father James Wilson was the founder of their fortunes, and the family was of considerable importance in the village.  They had capital behind them and were able to invest.  I wonder if they owned the sawmill buildings, and stepped in to keep the business running.

This advertisement of 1874 shows the Sawmill – now called the Hutton Rudby Sawmill Company – advertising for workmen, and we can see from it that James Richardson is the manager:-

York Herald, 7 February 1874

WANTED, by the Hutton Rudby Sawmill Co., one WOOD WAGGONER,  accustomed to loading all kinds of timber; one SAWYER, used to work a Rack-Bench; one WOODFELLER; none but steady men, with good characters, need apply. – Address, or apply personally, to JAMES RICHARDSON, Hutton Rudby, by Yarm

And we are reminded in this advertisement of the crucial importance of the nearby railway station (now disused) at Potto throughout the history of the Sawmill (for a full account of the history of Potto station, see here):

The Northern Echo, 21 March 1874

TO FIREWOOD DEALERS. – FOR SALE BY TENDER, a constant supply of FIREWOOD, free on rails at Potto Station.  Tenders at a price per ton will be received up to the 31st inst. – Samples may be seen, and all particulars ascertained, on application to the Hutton Rudby Sawmill Company, Hutton Rudby

But the Wilson brothers' active involvement seems to have been short term.  A notice in the London Gazette of 4 May 1875 shows that Allan and Thomas had been partners in the Hutton Rudby Sawmill Company as Timber Merchants, Sawyers and Bobbin Manufacturers with Thomas Lewis of Middlesbrough, Cabinet Maker, but that the partnership was dissolved on 30 April 1875 and Thomas Lewis went on to carry on the business on his own account.

Thomas Lewis was still in business in 1879, as we can see from this advertisement:

York Herald, 16 May 1879

WAGGONER – WANTED immediately, a Head Man for English timber.  None but experienced and steady men need apply. - Thos. Lewis & Co., Sawmills, Hutton Rudby, via Yarm

Nine years later, Lewis Richardson was winding up his business at the Hutton Rudby Sawmills – and it seems likely that it was at this point that the sawmill ceased working.

The Sawmill and Sawmill House

Various questions arise over the Sawmill building.  The photograph of the sawmill shown above shows quite a range of buildings.  Did they belong to James Richardson?  Did he have the capital to erect them?  Or did he, as seems much more likely, lease the buildings and the land from Allan Bowes Wilson and his brother Thomas?

This photograph shows the Sawmill in the 1950s, divided into three dwellings.    When did this happen? 

Sawmill House, Hutton Rudby, 1950s/1960s

The censuses provide a clue.

When Lewis Richardson gives his address as Sawmill, Hutton Rudby in the advertisement of 1886, I think this is simply his business address.  The 1891 Census does not show a Sawmill House, and there is no sign of such a house in that area.

Sawmill House makes its first appearance in the 1901 Census.  Listed between the houses of the Brick Garth (today called Poplar Avenue) and Allan Bowes Wilson's home at Hutton House, we find Henry Bainbridge, builder, living at Sawmill House.  He is 34, and his family consists of his wife Susan and children Walter, Alick, Bewick and Maud. 

But I think that the house was not the terrace we see today.  The 1911 census does not give the name Sawmill House, but it is clearly the same house.  The enumerator notes that there is a joiner's workshop next door to it.  It seems to me that Henry Bainbridge is living in part only of the old Sawmill buildings, because he gives the number of rooms (not counting scullery, landing, lobby, closet, bathroom or warehouse, office or shop) as 7.  Perhaps the joiner's workshop took up the remainder of the building.  So the final conversion of the buildings into the houses we see today took place after 1911.

And lastly

Seaham Villas, Hutton Rudby

I had despaired of identifying these houses when a chance glimpse of the 1911 enumerator's lists showed a Seaham Villa a short way up South Side on the western end.

It was occupied by John Purkis Banning, a 75 year old retired schoolmaster and his wife, and two of their middle-aged children, Miss Mary Banning (Professor of Music) and Miss Lizzie Banning (Professor of Music and Dancing).  The tailor John Hall and his family lived next door at Scarborough House.

I think Mr Banning's Seaham Villa was very probably No 37 South Side, and that, together with its neighbour Scarborough House, the pair of Victorian semi-detached brick villas just opposite North End were the Seaham Villas of James Richardson's advertisement in 1880.

An advertisement, in which Lewis Richardson describes one of the houses as "modern", supports this identification:-

Daily Gazette for Middlesbrough, 2 May 1887

To Let, Hutton Rudby, semi-Detached House, modern; 7 rooms; every convenience; large garden.  Apply Mr L Richardson, Saw Mill, Hutton Rudby, Yarm

And the photograph below, thought to date from the end of the 19th century, shows the two houses in the centre of the picture:-

South Side, Hutton Rudby

All photographs courtesy of the Hutton Rudby History Society.  To see them at their best, look at them on the Society's Facebook page, in the Albums for The Wynd, Enterpen and South Side.

An elaborate hoax at Stokesley, 1849

Somebody went to a great deal of trouble to set up this elaborate hoax against a local landowner.  I wonder what can have lain behind it ...

Darlington & Stockton Times, 17 February 1849

STOKESLEY

A HOAX 

We love at heart a jest, but not at the expense of our neighbours: we hope that whoever may have concocted the following will soon find to their cost that it is "above a joke":- 

Last week letters were sent in the name of James Emerson, Esq., to Stockton, Guisborough, Northallerton and Thirsk, requesting the attendance of solicitors, physicians, surgeons, auctioneers, builders, cabinetmakers, and even undertakers, at Mr Emerson's house precisely at one o'clock, besides ordering an open carriage and four greys from the Vane Arms at Stockton, to convey from home Mr Emerson and his family.  The various parties arrived in good time, but only to learn their services were not required.  

We understand that Mr Emerson has, with his accustomed liberality, offered a reward of £100 to be paid on conviction of the offenders, and that a clue to their discovery has already been obtained.

I'm afraid I haven't been able to discover whether the culprit was found or why it happened at all.

Mr Emerson was a man of some importance and became even more prominent in the years that followed this incident.  

According to A History of the County of York North Riding (which can be found on the British History online website) his family had owned a considerable amount of land in the Stokesley area since the 18th century.  In 1853 James Emerson added to this by buying the manor of Easby, presumably from Robert Campion because according to White's Directory of 1840 

Rt Campion, Esq., of Whitby, is lord of the manor, and resides occasionally at Easby Hall, a neat modern mansion, standing near the site of the ancient hall, which was long the seat of the Lords Eyre or Eure, the last of whom died in 1698. 

The County History describes Easby in this rather lyrical vein:

The roads of Cleveland all meet at Stokesley. That running east from the town to Whitby comes after about 4 miles to the little village of Easby.  Here a small stream which flows north from Battersby joins the Leven, and between the two streams is the park surrounding Easby Hall, a large stone mansion built in the 19th century, and the seat of Mr. John James Emerson.  The old manor-house of the Eures was on the other side of the stream, where it is commemorated by Castle Hill, on the summit of which is a memorial to Captain Cook, who was born and educated in this neighbourhood. 

On the outskirts of the park, across Otter Hills Beck, is a private chapel built in 1881 by the late Mr. James Emerson and maintained at his own expense. A little to the west is the Methodist chapel.

At much the same time James Emerson bought the manor of Kirkby-in-Cleveland from Mr John Hindson (the entry in British History online can be found here)

And that is why on 15 April 1854 these notices could be found in the York Herald:

MANOR OF EASBY

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that at the Court Leet and View of Frankpledge, together with the Court Baron of JAMES EMERSON, Esquire, Lord of the Manor of Easby in Cleveland, in the County of York, to be holden on MONDAY, the 24th day of APRIL, in the year 1854, the Boundaries of the MANOR OF EASBY will be perambulated; and that such perambulation will commence at the Bleach Mill, within the said Manor, belonging to the said James Emerson, and in the occupation of Benjamin Claxton, and proceed from thence along the midstream of the River Leven, in a South-East direction to the Boundaries of the Manor of Kildale, at ELEVEN o'clock in the Forenoon of the same day, and proceed from thence round the Moor.

JNO. P. SOWERBY,

Steward of the said Manor.

Stokesley, April 8th, 1854

MANOR OF KIRKBY, OTHERWISE KIRBY, IN CLEVELAND

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the Court Leet and Court Baron of JAMES EMERSON, Esquire, Lord of the Manor of Kirkby, otherwise Kirby, in Cleveland, in the County of York, will be holden on TUESDAY, the 25th day of APRIL, 1854, at the MANOR HOUSE, in KIRBY aforesaid, at TWELVE o'Clock at Noon, when all Inhabitants, Resiants [sic], and Freehold Tenants within the said Manor, and others who owe suit and service at the said Courts, or either of them, are required to be and appear, at the time and place aforesaid, then and there to do and perform the same.  Dated this 8th day of APRIL, 1854.

JNO. P. SOWERBY,

Steward of the said Manor.

Stokesley, April 8th, 1854

John Page Sowerby was a Stokesley solicitor.  I think he was probably the solicitor mentioned here, who as a young man found himself increasingly anxious at the conduct of his partner Robert Brigham.